Heating and cooling of buildings



July 22, 1930. J.-| MUsGRAvE 1,771,268

v HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS Filed Dec. 29, 1927 I'Lg. I

Patented AJuly v22, 1930 JOSEPH LESLIE MUsonAvE, or LoNEoN, ENGLAND Y HEATING AND cooLrNe or BUILDINGS Application med December 29, 1927, Serial No. 243,414, and in Great Britain January 28, 1927.

This invention relates to the heating and cooling of buildings by the circulation of a heating or cooling fluid through a system of pipes embedded in a material which diffuses ,1 the heat or cold over a given area, suchheator cold being Vtransmitted to the plaster" or` other material forming the sur ace 'from which it radiates, and has special reference to the method of heating and cooling known as the panel system. The invention has for its object to devise new means for supporting or holding the pipes or tubes through which the heating or cooling fluid circulates, and

which at' the same time acts as a distributor to create a more uniform temperature over whole of the surface from which the heat or cold radiates.

In this system of heating it has been customary to construct a shuttering or structure to support or hold the material in which the pipes are embedded while in a plastic state, such pipes beine' placed in direct contact with the shuttering or against a structure of metal contact with the shattering, leavin the pipes partially exposed, after the sluttering has been removed, until the plaster forming the finished surface is laid on.

In factories and stores and such like buildings it is frequently desired to omit the plastering to save expense and upkeep. In order however to secure the requisitefefciency of radiating effect from the surface of the walls or ceiling itis essential that the pipe surface should be covered with a certain thickness of plaster or concrete.

Now according to this invention .I `obtain this covering and at the same time increase the efiiciency of the system by interposing between the shuttering or equivalent a number of distance pieces arranged either intermittently or in a practically continuous line, against or upon which the pipes are laid. The distance pieces may be formed or cast of cement and sand, fine concrete, terracotta,

brick material or the like, or in some cases they may be made of metal, preferably coated with a non-corrosivematerial. In cases where a finished surface of plaster is laid on the outer surface of the distance pieces, and the inner surface also if desired, may be corfpanyingv drawing.

v ing same.

'ing the pipe and distance pieces in position.

PATENT rugated and the edges preferably chamfered.v The distance pieces may be laid parallel with the pipes or at right angles thereto.

The invention is illustrated on the accom- 5g. Fig. l is a view showing the pipes through which the. fluid circulates with distance pieces interposed between them and the shutterig. Qis a View showing one method by which'the-pi'pes are held on the distance pieces so as to prevent them getting out of position when being embedded.

Fig.v 3 a similar View to Fig. l showing distance pieces between the pipes and shuttering which form a practically continuous line and of a width such as to leave only a small space between the distance pieces upon or a ainst which the adjacent pipes are reste f Fi 4' shows a method of holding the pipes and istance pieces in position.

Fig. 5 is a part sectional view showing how the holding medium may be embedded in the distance pieces during the process of mould- Figs. 6 and 7 show further methods of hold- Fig. 8 is a plan view of a circular shape distance piece.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a corrugated oblong shape distance piece.

4A represents the pipes or tubes through which the fluid is circulated, B the shuttering, and D the distance pieces interposed between the pipes and the shuttering and upon or against which said pipes are laid.

At Fig. l I have shown the pipes A em-V bedded inthe material E that diffuses the heat or cold with the distance pieces D inter- 9G posed between them and the shuttering7 B. When the material Eis set the shuttering B is removed and the surface may be left` or coated or covered in the usual known manner with distemper or paint from the surface of which the heat or cold radiates.

In the example illustrated by Fig. 2 I have shown one method of holding the pipes A in position on the distance pieces D so as to enable the material E to be filled in without. dis lacin- `said. ipes, by `theuseof bars F aangedp to bear upon the pipes A. These'bafrs F may alsooact as areinforcilgl ledium forth@ .Concrete @other mate* 5 At.` Fig.. '3 I: haveoshown. the pipes A em, bedded in the .material E that. diffuses the heat or.. cold withdistance pieces D, interposedbetween. the Fshutterin f B and the pipes A, forming av practica y continuousr line andof a width such as to leave only a smallspaoe between the `one line of distance pieces and the adjacent lines of distance pieces. The distance pieces are also shown with their outer and inner surfaces corrugated, V which corrugations, when the shuttering B is removed, act as keys for the plaster with which the outer surface is covered andfr'om which the heat radiates, the

2Q corrugations on the upper surface acting as keys forthe concrete; in which the pipes A are embedded.-

' At Fig. 4 I have shownhow the pipes and distance pieces D may be secured in positionv by wires d. passingaround the pipes and through the shuttering B. Or ifdesired Wires d may be embedded in the distance pieces during the process of casting or moulding said distance pieces, as shown by Fig. 5, and the distance pieces may be held to the shuttering by screws or nails or other means.

Fig.`6 shows a further method of holding the pipes A .and distance ieces D in position by clips d2 which are xed to the shuttering, and Fig.- 7, shows the pipes A and dist-ance pieces D held in position by a strap d3 `fixed to the shuttering, What I claimasA my invention and desire y to secure by--Letters Patent is l. In a building having asurfacing structure molded from plastic material, pipes for the flow of a heating or cooling fluid embedded in said material and spaced from the 4 5 surface thereof, and lindividual distance .pieces also embedded in said material and located between said pipes and said surface in contact with saidpipes and exposed at said surface.

2. In a building having a surfacing structure molded from" plastic material, pipes for the flow-of a heating or cooling fluid embedded in .said material-and spaced from the surface thereof, and individual distance pieces also embedded in said material between said pipes and surface and having rear corrugated surfaces contacting With said pipes and having outer corrugated surfaces exposed at the first named surface.

GQ In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

JOSEPH LEsLm M UsGRAvE. 

